Skills Training of Infectious Diseases in the Community：a Survey Research of Questions

Background As the most basic unit of infectious disease prevention and control，community health service institutions are the frontline and important gateway for the prevention and control of infectious disease. Primary care physicians are responsible for epidemic surveillance，vaccination，health promotion and assistance to centers for disease control in investigating and disposing outbreaks and public health emergencies in their districts，and play an active role in disease prevention and control by groups，susceptible population protection，infectious source control and health education，as well as the effective prevention and control of infectious diseases. Objective To understand the ability of primary care physicians to diagnose and treat infectious diseases in the community，analyse their existing problems and shortcomings，design and conduct a series of intensive training related to infectious diseases for improving the capacity of infectious disease prevention and control at the primary level；To evaluate the effectiveness of online continuing medical education，so as to provide a reference for better continuing medical education on infectious diseases in the community. Methods All participants of the National Community Infectious Diseases Continuing Education Conference held by the Department of Family Medicine of the University of Hong Kong-Shenzhen Hospital in November 2021 were selected as research subjects from November 2021 to March 2022. The questionnaires were distributed to all registered attendees before and after the conference through the QR code of the questionnaire star，and the content of pre-conference questionnaire included demographic characteristics of the participants，participation in infectious disease training in the community since started working，diagnosis and treatment of infectious diseases in the community，subjective attitudes towards the prevention and control of infectious diseases in the community（willingness to manage infectious diseases in the community，satisfaction with their own infectious disease management skills），expertise in infectious disease prevention and control and knowledge related to conference content，attitude towards hepatitis B. The content of the post-conference questionnaire mainly included knowledge about the content of conference，attitude towards hepatitis B and satisfaction survey of this online conference. A total of 301 primary care physicians completed the questionnaire before and after the conference，and a total of 194 completed the questionnaire before and after the conference. Results Among all participants，166 （55.1%） had attended infectious disease training in the community，of whom 49（29.5%） were satisfied with their infectious disease diagnosis and treatment ability；135（44.8%） had not attended the training，of whom 22（16.3%） were satisfied with their infectious disease diagnosis and treatment ability. 143（86.1 %） of 166 participants who had attended infectious disease training in the community indicated their willingness to manage community infectious diseases，99（73.3%） of 135 participants who had not attended infectious disease training in the community indicated their willingness to manage community infectious diseases. 66（27.3%） of participants who were satisfied with their infectious disease diagnosis and treatment ability indicated their willingness to manage community infectious diseases. The top three infectious disease tests conducted by the institutions were hepatitis B，AIDS，and hepatitis C；the top three infectious diseases treated in the past six months were hepatitis B，influenza，hand，foot and mouth disease. Different self-evaluation and willingness to train may affect the willingness to manage community infectious diseases（P<0.05）. Among the participants who completed the questionnaire both before and after the conference，the highest correct answer rate for compulsory management of statutory infectious diseases before the conference was 89.7%，the owest accuracy rate for the type of disinfection of the COVID-19 infection was only 17.0%，the correct rates of other questions ranged from 34.0% to 40.7%. The correct rates of the questions after the conference were higher than those before the conference，and the correct rates ranged from 48.9% to 52.6%. The score of attitude towards hepatitis B after the conference was higher than that before the conference （P<0.05）. In terms of feedback after conference，254（98.1%） expressed satisfaction in the total of 259 questionnaires. In terms of suggestions for online conference，179（69.1%） and 174（67.2%） participants believed that online fluency and online interaction need to be improved. Conclusion The primary care physicians receive relatively less infectious diseases training in the community，inadequate infectious diseases training in the community can improve the confidence of self-competence，attitude of active management of infectious diseases and diagnosis and treatment ability in the primary care physicians. The future direction of continuing medical education should focus on the training of emerging infectious diseases and novel medical concepts，relevant experts should be invited to comment on the necessity and effectiveness of training in the community. © 2023 Chinese General Practice. All rights reserved.

High-Performance Flexible Humidity Sensor Based on MoOX Nanoparticle Films for Monitoring Human Respiration and Non-Contact Sensing

Flexible humidity sensors with high sensitivity, fast response time, and outstanding reliability have the potential to revolutionize electronic skin, healthcare, and non-contact sensing. In this study, we employed a straightforward nanocluster deposition technique to fabricate a resistive humidity sensor on a flexible substrate, using molybdenum oxide nanoparticles (MoOx NPs). We systematically evaluated the humidity-sensing behaviors of the MoOx NP film-based sensor and found that it exhibited exceptional sensing capabilities. Specifically, the sensor demonstrated high sensitivity (18.2 near zero humidity), a fast response/recovery time (1.7/2.2 s), and a wide relative humidity (RH) detection range (0-95%). The MoOx NP film, with its closely spaced granular nanostructure and high NP packing density, exhibited insensitivity to mechanical deformation, small hysteresis, good repeatability, and excellent stability. We also observed that the device exhibited distinct sensing kinetics in the range of high and low RH. Specifically, for RH > 43%, the response time showed a linear prolongation with increased RH. This behavior was attributed to two factors: the higher physical adsorption energy of H2O molecules and a multilayer physical adsorption process. In terms of applications, our sensor can be easily attached to a mask and has the potential to monitor human respiration owing to its high sensing performance. Additionally, the sensor was capable of dynamically tracking RH changes surrounding human skin, enabling a non-contact sensing capability. More significantly, we tested an integrated sensor array for its ability to detect moisture distribution in the external environment, demonstrating the potential of our sensor for contactless human-machine interaction. We believe that this innovation is particularly valuable during the COVID-19 epidemic, where cross-infection may be averted by the extensive use of contactless sensing. Overall, our findings demonstrate the tremendous potential of MoOx NP-based humidity sensors for a variety of applications, including healthcare, electronic skin, and non-contact sensing.

Visualizing Hegemony and Resistance: A Multimodal Critical Discourse Analysis of "Covid-19 Hero” on Chinese Social Media

During the outbreak of the Covid-19 pandemic in early 2020 in China, the death of whistle-blower Dr. Li Wenliang triggered national rage. Social media users expressed their condolences to Li who was respected as a hero through the cartoon, comic, and other artistic expressions. At the same time, the government-endorsed heroic figure—Dr. Zhong Nanshan arose on social media and became the official spokesman of the anti-epidemic campaign in China. Both the visual images of Li and Zhong are adopted and recreated by their supporters to root for divergent discourses on "Covid-19 Hero” within the Chinese context. This research aims to unveil the process of how the discourses of hegemony and resistance are achieved from recontextualization and resemiotization based on 16 elected visual works of Li and Zhong on Chinese social media. © 2023, The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Switzerland AG.

How to avoid future "Covid-19 origins" questions?

Origins debates regarding Covid-19 are gaining momentum again. In light of the continued infections and deaths of Covid-19 seen in countries rich and poor, rather than focusing the approach with "whodunit", developing solutions that can help societies become better prepared for future pandemics might be a more meaningful way to move forward. In this paper, we propose a solution that could help society better predict and prevent future pandemics. A system could allow humans to anonymously report potential infectious disease outbreaks without fearing backlash or prejudice and could automatically surveil for potential disease transfers or virus leaks. The proposed autonomous and anonymous pandemic reporting and surveillance system has the potential to help health officials locate infectious disease outbreaks before they form into pandemics. And in turn, it better prevents future pandemics and avoids Covid-19 origins debates.

Pathogenic infection characteristics and risk factors for bovine respiratory disease complex based on the detection of lung pathogens in dead cattle in northeast China.

Bovine respiratory disease complex (BRDC) involves multiple pathogens, shows diverse lung lesions, and is a major concern in calves. Pathogens from 160 lung samples of dead cattle from 81 cattle farms in northeast China from 2016 to 2021 were collected to characterize the molecular epidemiology and risk factors of BRDC and to assess the major pathogens involved in bovine suppurative or caseous necrotizing pneumonia. The BRDC was diagnosed by autopsy, pathogen isolation, PCR, or reverse transcription-PCR detection, and gene sequencing. More than 18 species of pathogens, including 491 strains of respiratory pathogens, were detected. The positivity rate of bacteria in the 160 lung samples was 31.77%, including Trueperella pyogenes (9.37%), Pasteurella multocida (8.35%), Histophilus somni (4.48%), Mannheimia haemolytica (2.44%), and other bacteria (7.13%). The positivity rate of Mycoplasma spp. was 38.9%, including M. bovis (7.74%), M. dispar (11.61%), M. bovirhinis (7.94%), M. alkalescens (6.11%), M. arginini (0.81%), and undetermined species (4.68%). Six species of viruses were detected with a positivity rate of 29.33%, including bovine herpesvirus-1 (BoHV-1; 13.25%), bovine respiratory syncytial virus (BRSV; 5.50%), bovine viral diarrhea virus (BVDV; 4.89%), bovine parainfluenza virus type-3 (BPIV-3; 4.28%), bovine parainfluenza virus type-5 (1.22%), and bovine coronavirus (2.24%). Mixed infections among bacteria (73.75%), viruses (50%), and M. bovis (23.75%) were the major features of BRDC in these cattle herds. The risk analysis for multi-pathogen co-infection indicated that BoHV-1 and H. somni; BVDV and M. bovis, P. multocida, T. pyogenes, or Mann. haemolytica; BPIV-3 and M. bovis; BRSV and M. bovis, P. multocida, or T. pyogenes; P. multocida and T. pyogenes; and M. bovis and T. pyogenes or H. somni showed co-infection trends. A survey on molecular epidemiology indicated that the occurrence rate of currently prevalent pathogens in BRDC was 46.15% (6/13) for BoHV-1.2b and 53.85% (7/13) for BoHV-1.2c, 53.3% (8/15) for BVDV-1b and 46.7% (7/15) for BVDV-1d, 29.41% (5/17) for BPIV-3a and 70.59% (12/17) for BPIV-3c, 100% (2/2) for BRSV gene subgroup IX, 91.67% (33/36) for P. multocida serotype A, and 8.33% (3/36) for P. multocida serotype D. Our research discovered new subgenotypes for BoHV-1.2c, BRSV gene subgroup IX, and P. multocida serotype D in China's cattle herds. In the BRDC cases, bovine suppurative or caseous necrotizing pneumonia was highly related to BVDV [odds ratio (OR) = 4.18; 95% confidence interval (95% CI): 1.6-10.7], M. bovis (OR = 2.35; 95% CI: 1.1-4.9), H. somni (OR = 8.2; 95% CI: 2.6-25.5) and T. pyogenes (OR = 13.92; 95% CI: 5.8-33.3). The risk factor analysis found that dairy calves <3 mo and beef calves >3 mo (OR = 5.39; 95% CI: 2.7-10.7) were more susceptible to BRDC. Beef cattle were more susceptible to bovine suppurative or caseous necrotizing pneumonia than dairy cattle (OR = 2.32; 95% CI: 1.2-4.4). These epidemiological data and the new pathogen subgenotypes will be helpful in formulating strategies of control and prevention, developing new vaccines, improving clinical differential diagnosis by necropsy, predicting the most likely pathogen, and justifying antimicrobial use.

Debt Dynamics in Emerging and Developing Economies: Is R - G a Red Herring?

In the wake of the COVID-19 pandemic, debt levels in emerging and developing economies have surged raising concerns about fiscal sustainability. Historically, negative interest-growth differentials in these countries have played a debt-stabilizing role. But is this enough to prevent countries from falling into debt distress? Drawing from a sample of 150 emerging and developing economies going back to the 1970s, we find that interest-growth differentials have remained relatively low dampening debt increases in the run up to a crisis. But in the face of persistent primary deficits, debt service tends to rise abruptly - particularly in emerging markets - and a fiscal crisis ensues. There is also evidence that a large part of the debt build-up around crises stems from valuation effects associated with external debt and the materialization of contingent liabilities. These findings underscore that, though not necessarily a red-herring, low interest-growth differentials cannot fully offset the deleterious effects of large fiscal deficits, forex exposures, or hidden debts. © 2022 Walter de Gruyter GmbH, Berlin/Boston 2022.

TU-175. Effects of Transcranial Pulse Stimulation (TPS) on young adults with symptoms of depression: a Pilot Randomized Controlled Trial

Introduction: Depression is a debilitating disorder affecting individuals' level of bio-psychosocial functioning across different age groups around the globe. The recent development of a new NIBS called Transcranial Pulse Stimulation (TPS), also known as low-intensity extracorporeal shock wave therapy (Li-ESWT), has been proven effective for only a 2-week treatment of 35 patients with Alzheimer's disease (AD). Patients' cognition and memory have shown significant improvement which lasted up to 3 months. However, there is a lack of scientific evidence on the efficacy of this TPS intervention on other psychiatric population such as Major Depressive Disorder (MDD), which is increasingly prevalent in Hong Kong and nationwide especially during the COVID-19 pandemic. Nonetheless, there is no trial evaluating the efficacy of TPS on other neuropsychiatric disorders. This gave us the impetus to evaluate the efficacy of TPS on young adults with Major Depressive Disorder (MDD) in Hong Kong. Method(s): In this single-blinded, randomized controlled trial, participants had a confirmed clinical diagnosis of MDD, recruited from the community, NGOs and private enterprise. The intervention was a 2-week TPS treatment comprised six 30-min TPS sessions, delivered by trained mental health professionals. A total of 30 participants were recruited and randomized into either the TPS group or the Waitlist Control (WC) group. Randomization was stratified by gender and age by an independent statistician on a 1:1 ratio. Our primary outcome was determined by whether participants' depressive symptom severity demonstrated significant reduction, compared with the WC group, using the Hamilton Depression Rating Scale-17 (HDRS17). This trial is registered with Clin.Trials.gov, number NCT05006365. Result(s): We recruited 30 participants from 1 August to 31 Oct 2021. They were between 18-54 years old and were predominantly female (73%), ethnically Chinese. There was a significant group x time interaction (F(1, 28) = 818.8, p <.001). Compared with the WC group, there was a significant reduction in the depressive symptom severity in the TPS group (mean difference = -6.60, p = 0.02, Cohen's d = -0.93). Results showed a significant intervention effect and the effect was large. Conclusion(s): TPS is safe and effective to reduce depressive symptoms among young individuals with MDD in this trial. Therefore, TPS may be considered as a top treatment option for neuropsychiatric disorders in clinical psychiatry. Funding(s): This trial is funded by the Departmental General Research Fund, the Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong SAR, China. Copyright © 2022

Features of hospitalized pediatric patients with seizures and respiratory viruses: a comparison of SARS-CoV2, other corona viruses, and influenza

Objective: To compare features of hospitalized pediatric patients with seizures and respiratory viruses. Background: Neurological symptoms are reported in children with COVID-19, caused by SARS-CoV2. Limited data is available on neurological symptoms in other respiratory viruses, including influenza and other coronaviruses. Design/Methods: Retrospective data was extracted from EPIC on all children between 0-21 years old admitted to Children's Hospital of Atlanta from January 1, 2014 to June 1, 2021 for seizures and had positive PCR for SARS-CoV-2, other coronaviruses (Coronavirus NL63 and Coronavirus OC34) and influenza (A and B). Patient characteristics including age, race, sex, ethnicity, hospital length of stay, intensive care unit admission, intubation, chest x ray, MRI, and disposition were included. Comparison of patient characteristics between children with COVID-19 and the two other groups were conducted respectively. Results: A total of 487 pediatric patients were included: 68 COVID-19, 232 influenza, and 187 with other coronaviruses (OC), with median age of 6.2 (interquartile range (IQR): [3.1,11.2]). COVID-19 patients had higher ICU admission rates (50% versus 31%, p = 0.008) but lower intubation rates than OC (19% versus 35%, p = 0.021). Stroke rates were higher in COVID-19 versus OC (6% versus 0.5%, p= 0.019). Initial white blood cell counts were lower in the COVID-19 (median 7.32[6.05, 11.07]) than OC (median 10.66[ 7.61, 14.26];p = 0.001). The rate of abnormal MRI was lower among COVID-19 patients, compared to OC patients (57% versus 82%) with a medium to large effect size (standard mean difference) of 0.55. However, no differences were observed between COVID-19 and influenza cohorts. Conclusions: Differences in patients with COVID-19 versus other coronaviruses were observed, whereas no differences were observed in COVID-19 versus influenza patients. Vigilance should be undertaken in treatment of children presenting with all respiratory illnesses.

COVID-19 diagnosis with convolution neural networks using CT images

As COVID-19 has spread worldwide, detecting the patients of COVID-19 and taking effective actions has gained more and more importance. Applying a deep learning framework to detect medical pictures has already been used for years. This paper mainly trained a large number of CT images of patients and normal people on three networks: AlexNet, VGG, and ResNet. Based on PyTorch, we build the network successfully and soon examine the performance of the three networks on the test and validation dataset. Our experiments demonstrate that the ResNet performs the best when detecting the COVID-19 CT images. It reaches the accuracy of 99.5%, which proves that it has a strong fitting ability in our dataset, which is not so large. However, when applying the pre-Trained model from the bigger dataset in a smaller dataset, the accuracy of AlexNet and VGGNet will increase accordingly while the accuracy of ResNet decreases. Though we have made many assumptions about the phenomenon, more experiments are needed after the experiment. © COPYRIGHT SPIE.

Emotion Classification of COVID-19 Chinese Microblogs based on the Emotion Category Description

Emotion classification of COVID-19 Chinese microblogs helps analyze the public opinion triggered by COVID-19. Existing methods only consider the features of the microblog itself, without combining the semantics of emotion categories for modeling. Emotion classification of microblogs is a process of reading the content of microblogs and combining the semantics of emotion categories to understand whether it contains a certain emotion. Inspired by this, we propose an emotion classification model based on the emotion category description for COVID-19 Chinese microblogs. Firstly, we expand all emotion categories into formalized category descriptions. Secondly, based on the idea of question answering, we construct a question for each microblog in the form of 'What is the emotion expressed in the text XT and regard all category descriptions as candidate answers. Finally, we construct a question-and-answer pair and use it as the input of the BERT model to complete emotion classification. By integrating rich contextual and category semantics, the model can better understand the emotion of microblogs. Experiments on the COVID-19 Chinese microblog dataset show that our approach outperforms many existing emotion classification methods, including the BERT baseline. © 2021 China National Conference on Computational Linguistics Published under Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License

The design and construction of public service building in developing rural regions during the post COVID-19 period: Cased on a chinese village centre

The spread of COVID-19 has caused an increasing demand for public medical room. Cases of Chinese Huoshenshan Hospital and mobile cabin hospitals proved the effectiveness of constructing emergent medical buildings. However, these cases, usually with strict requirements on technology and infrastructure, are hard to implement in developing rural regions. Therefore, there is an urgent need for adapting industrial construction to the rural situation. This research introduced an adaptive approach for rural projects delivery during COVID-19. It is based on a longitudinal case study, recording and analysing the construction process of a village centre in Jiangsu, China, from 2019 to 2020. By comparing the construction process of actual operation and traditional method, the advantages in a shorter building period and lower labour density were verified. This research pointed out neglected risks in developing countries and provided a practical construction approach in these areas. It supported the prevention of COVID-19 global wide. © 2021 Proceedings of the 37th Annual ARCOM Conference, ARCOM 2021. All Rights Reserved.

Systematic review of the effects of environmental factors on virus inactivation: implications for coronavirus disease 2019.

Environmental factors such as temperature and relative humidity can affect the inactivation and transmission of coronaviruses. By reviewing medical experiments on virus survival and virus transmission between infected and susceptible species in different temperature and humidity conditions, this study explores the influence of temperature and relative humidity on the survival and transmission of viruses, and provides suggestions, with experimental evidence, for the environmental control measures of Coronavirus Disease 2019. The results indicated that (1) virus viability and infectivity is increased at a low temperature of 5 â„ƒ and reduced at higher temperatures. (2) Virus survival and transmission is highly efficient in a dry environment with low relative humidity, and also in a wet environment with high relative humidity, and it is minimal at intermediate relative humidity. Therefore, in indoor environments, the lack of heating in winter or overventilation, leading to low indoor temperature, can help virus survival and help susceptible people being infected. On the contrary, modulating the indoor relative humidity at an intermediate level is conducive to curb epidemic outbreaks.

Emotion Classification of COVID-19 Chinese Microblogs Based on the Emotion Category Description

Emotion classification of COVID-19 Chinese microblogs helps analyze the public opinion triggered by COVID-19. Existing methods only consider the features of the microblog itself, without combining the semantics of emotion categories for modeling. Emotion classification of microblogs is a process of reading the content of microblogs and combining the semantics of emotion categories to understand whether it contains a certain emotion. Inspired by this, we propose an emotion classification model based on the emotion category description for COVID-19 Chinese microblogs. Firstly, we expand all emotion categories into formalized category descriptions. Secondly, based on the idea of question answering, we construct a question for each microblog in the form of ‘What is the emotion expressed in the text X?’ and regard all category descriptions as candidate answers. Finally, we construct a question-and-answer pair and use it as the input of the BERT model to complete emotion classification. By integrating rich contextual and category semantics, the model can better understand the emotion of microblogs. Experiments on the COVID-19 Chinese microblog dataset show that our approach outperforms many existing emotion classification methods, including the BERT baseline. © 2021, Springer Nature Switzerland AG.

Identification of weather influences on flight punctuality using machine learning approach

One of the top long-term threats to airport resilience is extreme climate-induced condi-tions, which negatively affect the airport and flight operations. Recent examples, including hurri-canes, storms, extreme temperatures (cold/hot), and heavy rains, have damaged airport facilities, interrupted air traffic, and caused higher operational costs. With the development of civil aviation and the pre-COVID-19 surging demand for flights, the passengers’ complaints of flight delay in-creased, according to FoxBusiness. This study aims to discover the weather factors affecting flight punctuality and determine a high-dimensional scale of consequences stemming from weather conditions and flight operational aspects. Machine learning has been developed in correlation with the weather and statistical data for operations at Birmingham Airport as a case study. The cross-corre-lated datasets have been kindly provided by Birmingham Airport and the Meteorological Office. The scope and emphasis of this study is placed on the machine learning application to practical flight punctuality prediction in relation to climate conditions. Random forest, artificial neural net-work, support vector machine, and linear regression are used to develop predictive models. Grid-search and cross-validation are used to select the best parameters. The model can grasp the trend of flight punctuality rates well where R2 is 0.80 and the root mean square error (RMSE) is less than 15% using the model developed by random forest technique. The insights derived from this study will help Airport Authorities and the Insurance industry in predicting the scale of consequences in order to promptly enact and enable adaptative airport climate resilience plans, including air traffic rescheduling, financial resilience to climate variances and extreme weather conditions. © 2021 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland.

Preterm birth and stillbirth rates during the COVID-19 pandemic: a population-based cohort study.

BACKGROUND: Conflicting reports have emerged for rates of preterm births and stillbirths during the COVID-19 pandemic. Most of these reports did not account for natural variation in these rates. We aimed to evaluate variations in preterm birth and stillbirth rates before and during the COVID-19 pandemic in Ontario, Canada. METHODS: We conducted a retrospective cohort study using linked population health administrative databases of pregnant people giving birth in any hospital in Ontario between July 2002 and December 2020. We calculated preterm birth and stillbirth rates. We assessed preterm birth at 22-28, 29-32 and 33-36 weeks' gestation, and stillbirths at term and preterm gestation. We used Laney control P' charts for the 18-year study period (6-mo observation periods) and interrupted time-series analyses for monthly rates for the most recent 4 years. RESULTS: We evaluated 2 465 387 pregnancies, including 13 781 that resulted in stillbirth. The mean preterm birth rate for our cohort was 7.96% (range 7.32%-8.59%). From January to December 2020, we determined that the preterm birth rate in Ontario was 7.87%, with no special cause variation. The mean stillbirth rate for the cohort was 0.56% (range 0.48%-0.70%). From January to December 2020, the stillbirth rate was 0.53%, with no special cause variation. We did not find any special cause variation for preterm birth or stillbirth subgroups. We found no changes in slope or gap between prepandemic and pandemic periods using interrupted time-series analyses. INTERPRETATION: In Ontario, Canada, we found no special cause variation (unusual change) in preterm birth or stillbirth rates, overall or by subgroups, during the first 12 months of the COVID-19 pandemic compared with the previous 17.5 years.

The Characteristics of the Nursing Organizational Management Highlighted by COVID-19

The COVID-19 outbreak has raised awareness of the importance of increased motivation and resilience in nurses. To explore the level of nurse Job involvement in Z hospital in Zhuhai city of China, and the influence of Organizational justice and Organizational identity, a total of 125 nurses in Z hospital in Zhuhai city, Guangdong province, were selected by convenient sampling method and investigated with general information questionnaire, Organizational justice, Organizational identity,and Job involvement Scale. There were 114 valid questionnaires returned;The scores of nurse's Organizational justice, Distributive justice, Procedural justice and Interactive justice, Organizational identity,and Job involvement were 3.532±0.581, 3.397±0.691, 3.487±0.729, 3.840±0.641 and 3.912±0.615 respectively. The score of organization justice positively correlated with the scores of Organizational identity (r=0.627, P<0.001), and positively correlated with the score of Job involvement (r=0.627,P<0.001). The scores of Organizational identity were positively correlated with the score of Job involvement (r=0.724,P<0.001). The results of regression analysis showed that Organizational justice, Organizational identity can positively affect nurses' Job involvement, and explained 59.9% of the cumulative variance. At the same time,Organization identity played a partial mediating role between Organizational justice, as well as its three sub-dimensions and Job involvement. The scores of Organizational justice and Job involvement in selected nurses in Zhuhai are only a little higher than the average levels, which needs to be improved. The perceived Interactive justice is high while the Distributive justice is low. Nurses' Job involvement and Organizational identity can be promoted directly by increasing Distributive justice, followed by Interactive justice and Procedural justice. © The Authors, published by EDP Sciences, 2021.

Wheel-Legged Robotic Limb to Assist Human with Load Carriage: An application for environmental disinfection during COVID-19

During COVID-19, with a heavy sprayer filled with disinfectant, the risk of infection for epidemic prevention personnel has been increased by long-term environmental disinfection. In order to reduce the burden and save energy of human, this paper proposed a Wheel-Legged Robotic Limb (WRL) for the carriers. The mass of WRL is only 1.77 kg. The WRL has one rigid robotic limb located below the sprayer, which can provide active supporting force for the sprayer. The WRL adopts force closed-loop control method to ensure the system provide an expected supporting force. The system performance was evaluated including standing and walking at 5 km/h, under three experimental conditions included: 1) with a sprayer, 19.41 kg (SPRAYER), 2) with the powered WRL, 22.18 kg (WRL_ON) and 3) with the unpowered WRL, 22.18 kg (WRL_OFF). When the supporting force is set as 80 N, the experimental results show that the WRL_ON condition has reduced the vertical load force on the human, the vertical ground reaction force of human feet, and the metabolic power by 41.28%, 8.03%, and 17.46%, respectively, during standing, and also reduced by 32.29%, 8.08% and 18.92%, respectively, during walking, compared to SPRAYER condition. IEEE

A Correlation Analysis between the Nutritional Status and Prognosis of COVID-19 Patients.

PURPOSE: The present study investigated the correlation between the nutritional status and prognosis of COVID-19 patients, and analyzed the epidemiological characteristics of COVID-19 patients with different nutritional status. METHODS: 429 patients who were diagnosed positive for COVID-19 in Hubei Provincial Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine from December 2019 to March 2020 were selected and divided into different groups based on Controlling Nutritional Status (CONUT) score (0-4: the low CONUT score group; 5-12: the high CONUT score group). Multivariate logistic regression analysis was applied to investigate the effects of CONUT score on prognosis. RESULTS: The total score of admission status of patients with higher CONUT score was higher than that of those with lower CONUT score (χ2 = 7.152, P = 0.007). The number of adverse outcomes of female was higher than that of male (χ2 = 10.253, P = 0.001). The number of adverse outcomes was higher for patients with smoking history (P = 0.004) or hypertension (χ2 = 11.240, P = 0.001) than those without. Also, the number of adverse outcomes was higher for older patients than younger ones (χ2 = 15.681, P < 0.001). Patients with adverse outcomes had lower urine red blood cell count than patients without adverse outcomes (χ2 = 5.029, P = 0.025). However, BMI, drinking history and diabetes did not show correlation with the prognosis of COVID-19 (P > 0.05).Among patients ≥ 61 years old, the risk of adverse outcomes in the high CONUT score group was 6.191 times that of the low CONUT score group (OR = 6.191, 95% CI: 1.431-26.785).Among the non-diabetic patients, the risk of adverse outcomes in the high CONUT group was 11.678 times that of the low CONUT group (OR = 11.678, 95% CI: 2.754-49.41).For the patients who had a total score of admission status < 6, the risk of adverse outcomes in the high CONUT score group was 8.216 times that of the low CONUT score group (OR = 8.216, 95% CI: 2.439-27.682). CONCLUSION: COVID-19 patients with good nutritional status showed a small chance to have adverse outcomes. Gender, age, hypertension, the number of urine red blood cell count and CONUT score affected the adverse outcomes of patients.

Analysis of clinical trial registration information of COVID-19 in China

AIM: To provide advice for the clinical trials during the outbreak by analyzing the clinical trial registration information of COVID-19 in China. METHODS: Clinical protocols of COVID-19 registered at the Chinese Clinical Trials Registry and clinicaltrials.gov before February 17, 2020 were collected and the type, distribution, design and interventions of the studies were analyzed.RESULTS:A total of 172 trials were retrieved, mainly distributed in Hubei, Zhejiang, Guangdong and Beijing. Among the 120 interventional studies, chemical drugs and biological products accounted for 45%, traditional Chinese medicine or integrative medicine therapy accounted for 40%, cell therapy accounted for 7%, and plasma therapy accounted for 2%. There were only 13 randomized, blinded and placebo controlled studies, accounting for 11%. Blank control reached 46% (control group with clinical routine treatment without placebo,test group with clinical routine treatment as the basic). HIV and antimalarial drugs were the most frequently used. CONCLUSION: Chinese clinical research capacity and awareness have been greatly improved, but it is somewhat disordered. It is necessary to pay attention to the necessity, scientific nature, ethics and quality management of clinical research. It is recommended to initiate clinical trials coordinated and unified demonstration and to collect the national case information for big data analysis by the state during an emergency outbreak.

Containing COVID-19 in the Emergency Department: The Role of Improved Case Detection and Segregation of Suspect Cases.

OBJECTIVES: Patients with COVID-19 may present with respiratory syndromes indistinguishable from common viruses. This poses a challenge for early detection during triage in the emergency department (ED). Over a 3-month period, our ED aimed to minimize nosocomial transmission by using broader suspect case criteria for better detection and using appropriate personal protective equipment (PPE) for health care workers (HCWs). METHODS: All ED admissions with respiratory syndromes over a 3-month period were tested for COVID-19. The sensitivity and specificity of screening criteria in detecting COVID-19 were assessed. A risk-stratified approach was adopted for PPE usage in the ED, based on high-risk "fever areas" and lower-risk zones. When a case of COVID-19 was confirmed, surveillance was conducted for potentially exposed patients and HCWs. RESULTS: A total of 1,841 cases presenting with respiratory syndromes required admission over the study period. Among these, 70 cases of COVID-19 were subsequently confirmed. The majority (84.2%, 59/70) were detected at ED triage because they fulfilled suspect case criteria. Of these, 34 met the official screening criteria; an additional 25 were detected by the broader internal screening criteria. Over the 12-week period, the cumulative sensitivity of internal screening criteria was 84.3% (95% confidence interval [CI] = 73.6% to 91.9%), whereas the sensitivity of the official screening criteria was 48.6% (95% CI = 36.4% to 60.8%). Given the broadened internal criteria, the preexisting ED "fever area" was insufficient and had to be expanded. However, there were no cases of nosocomial transmission from intra-ED exposure, despite extensive surveillance. CONCLUSION: Frontline physicians need to be given leeway to decide on the disposition of cases based on clinical suspicion during an ongoing outbreak of COVID-19. If a broader criterion is used at ED triage, ED facilities and isolation facilities need to be readied to accommodate a surge of suspect cases. Usage of appropriate PPE is essential in minimizing nosocomial transmission.